There are parts of Manhattan in New York City that feel to be almost a world away from an area such as Midtown. Inwood Hill Park and Fort Tryon Park are two connected parks in the northwestern corner of the borough that are a prime example of this feeling. Despite being located only about ten miles from Times Square in Midtown Manhattan, this area of the island could not feel more different. These parks prove the invaluable effect of grand open space within an incredibly dense city environment. They provide a respite from hurried city life, and an outlet for exercise and contemplation. Furthermore, the two interconnected parks in the corner of Manhattan provide residents and visitors alike amazing and free views as well as a chance to experience the island in a very natural state.
Inwood Hill Park and Fort Tryon Park are located on prime real estate on the Northwestern corner of Manhattan, with sweeping views of the Hudson River, New Jersey, Spuyten Duyvil, and the Harlem River. From certain vantage points, the George Washington Bridge makes its commanding presence known for all to take in. Largely located on steep hill and bluffs that rise sharply above the Hudson River, the parks offer an incredible amount of separation and escape from the noise and hustle of the city while still being within a close physical proximity. The geography of the area makes for a unique experience in relation to the New York City parks. Steep hills rise close to the Hudson, formed by glacial outcroppings. The parks are also largely natural in character and Inwood Hill Park is largely wooded and non-landscaped. Fort Tryon, while also wooded and steep, features a more landscaped path system that winds through its boundaries. Meanwhile, both parks also feature numerous fields and athletic facilities within their boundaries. These fields and facilities have proven to be extremely popular with the surrounding neighborhoods. These areas, including Washington Heights, Inwood, and parts of the Bronx, are incredibly dense and suffer from an adequate amount of open space. These parks play a crucial role in providing open space and, as a result, nearby residents put the area to good use and flock to it in droves.
The two parks were created and opened to he public throughout the 1920s and 30s. Once completed, the parks offered a continuous and expansive green space from 190th St northward to 218th St and the northern tip of Manhattan. Its boundaries connect to the Hudson River on the west side and near Broadway on the east. Together, the parks comprise about 263 acres of parkland within one of the most densely developed places in America. As New York City expanded and prospered in the early twentieth century, John D. Rockefeller Jr. purchased an existing country estate on the site of Fort Tryon Park with the purpose of preserving it as prized open space. He then hired Frederick Law Olmsted Jr., the son of the famous urban park designer of Central Park and others, to design and plan the park which he would then give over to the city for public use. Rockefeller even went as far as purchasing land in the Palisades on the New Jersey side of the Hudson River to preserve the natural and pristine views from he park. It was a classic example of land preservation in an era when built development and growth on land was heavily favored. The city eventually purchased the area of Inwood Hill Park to add to the Fort Tryon area to achieve a remarkably natural corner of one of the most heavily developed islands in the world.
In addition, to preserving a pristine space of land for natural uses, the area is also a cultural destination. The Cloisters Museum, which is a branch of the Metropolitan Museum of art is located prominently within Fort Tryon Park. Perched on a high hilltop, the architecture of the building is reminiscent of a European medieval abbey, and it features artwork and displays from that era. It only adds to the attractions within the confines of these parks, which are an incredible asset to the city and he working-class neighborhoods within close proximity to its boundaries. Although the parks are rugged and located in the far northwest corner of Manhattan, they are easily accessible via the A line on the subway. This has opened up the park to the larger city so everybody can eventually experience its views and wonders. In that, the preservation of this corner of Manhattan has been an enormously successful endeavor.
Monday, July 29, 2013
Monday, May 20, 2013
Randall's Island Park
Randall's Island Park is a valuable and expansive oasis of open space that commands a unique piece of New York City real estate. The park is comprised of most of an island that is situated in the East River between East Harlem in Manhattan, the South Bronx, and Astoria, Queens. It is definitely in the heart of the city, with such close proximity to three separate boroughs. However, once in the park, the feeling is that you have escaped the city and are in fact isolated from it. Besides the views of city buildings, and the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge that towers above and runs though the park, there is little to remind one hat they are in fact in the middle of the most highly populated city in America. That fact is an extremely valuable asset in which the city is only beginning to fully capitalize upon.
The island is actually two separate islands that have been joined together as a result of landfill, and it forms nearly a square mile of land. The area was first designated for park and recreational use by Robert Moses. In 1936, President Franklin Roosevelt opened the park in correspondence with the new Triborough (now the Robert F. Kennedy) Bridge. As is typical of many parks, public spaces or other institutions throughout New York City, it had fallen into neglect and disrepair by the 1970s and 80s. A park that had once opened to much fanfare and use had become a place with an undesirable reputation and was considered an area to avoid. That was the reality of the entire island until a comprehensive revitalization effort was begun by the city and various partners.
Randall's Island is certainly a unique setting for outdoor recreation and tranquility. An elevated interstate highway passes through the park as well as an elevated train line. The island is also home to the Manhattan Psychiatric Center, which is a high-rise hospital for the mentally ill on the edge of the island. Therefore a distinct industrial character permeates parts of the park, which is certainly not always the cases for popular green spaces. The present character and ongoing transformation of the park is largely credited towards the Randall's Island Park Alliance, which was founded in 1992 as a public-private partnership. The Alliance has been tasked with developing a plan for the revitalization as well as its management and operation alongside the New York Department of Parks & Recreation. The plan was introduced in 1999 and has been nearly fully realized.
Since the establishment of the Alliance, miles of pedestrian and bike paths have been restored, including much along the waterfront. Several new and popular sports facilities have also opened. One of the centerpieces of the ongoing construction efforts was the opening of Icahn Stadium in 2005, a modern track-and-field facility. More than 60 playing fields have also been implemented along with a tennis center that features 20 courts. Environmental restoration projects have been present as well, with over nine acres of restored wetlands as a prime example. Overall, the park features several examples of restoring degraded natural areas or utilizing land or structures reclaimed from institutional use.
The park is a treasure of New York City, as it is literally a centrally-located island oasis. It is not without its issues though, including limited pedestrian access from East Harlem, which suffers from a lack of adequate open space. Overall, the park could be better served in that aspect, as traveling via car and bus are still the most efficient ways to get to the island. However, the park still provides an incredible natural retreat in the heart of the one the most densely populated areas in the world. Current restoration efforts will continue to bring more to the park, which will increase quality of life throughout the city.
The island is actually two separate islands that have been joined together as a result of landfill, and it forms nearly a square mile of land. The area was first designated for park and recreational use by Robert Moses. In 1936, President Franklin Roosevelt opened the park in correspondence with the new Triborough (now the Robert F. Kennedy) Bridge. As is typical of many parks, public spaces or other institutions throughout New York City, it had fallen into neglect and disrepair by the 1970s and 80s. A park that had once opened to much fanfare and use had become a place with an undesirable reputation and was considered an area to avoid. That was the reality of the entire island until a comprehensive revitalization effort was begun by the city and various partners.
Randall's Island is certainly a unique setting for outdoor recreation and tranquility. An elevated interstate highway passes through the park as well as an elevated train line. The island is also home to the Manhattan Psychiatric Center, which is a high-rise hospital for the mentally ill on the edge of the island. Therefore a distinct industrial character permeates parts of the park, which is certainly not always the cases for popular green spaces. The present character and ongoing transformation of the park is largely credited towards the Randall's Island Park Alliance, which was founded in 1992 as a public-private partnership. The Alliance has been tasked with developing a plan for the revitalization as well as its management and operation alongside the New York Department of Parks & Recreation. The plan was introduced in 1999 and has been nearly fully realized.
Since the establishment of the Alliance, miles of pedestrian and bike paths have been restored, including much along the waterfront. Several new and popular sports facilities have also opened. One of the centerpieces of the ongoing construction efforts was the opening of Icahn Stadium in 2005, a modern track-and-field facility. More than 60 playing fields have also been implemented along with a tennis center that features 20 courts. Environmental restoration projects have been present as well, with over nine acres of restored wetlands as a prime example. Overall, the park features several examples of restoring degraded natural areas or utilizing land or structures reclaimed from institutional use.
The park is a treasure of New York City, as it is literally a centrally-located island oasis. It is not without its issues though, including limited pedestrian access from East Harlem, which suffers from a lack of adequate open space. Overall, the park could be better served in that aspect, as traveling via car and bus are still the most efficient ways to get to the island. However, the park still provides an incredible natural retreat in the heart of the one the most densely populated areas in the world. Current restoration efforts will continue to bring more to the park, which will increase quality of life throughout the city.
Thursday, May 9, 2013
Brooklyn Bridge Park
Brooklyn Bridge Park is a prime example of transforming antiquated and under-used land into a healthy and popular public space attraction. The park, which is still being fully implemented, sits on the site of Brooklyn's once highly industrial waterfront, which featured a thriving port. However, as time progressed, the importance of the site decreased. As a result, the physical stock of both the land and infrastructure began to deteriorate. Recent efforts, though, have reclaimed this crucial parcel of land for public enjoyment and use. The park, which is located on the East River waterfront directly adjacent to and facing the skyline of Lower Manhattan, has rapidly become a popular spot in the borough. It has also aided incredibly in the re-emergence and redevelopment of neighborhoods within close proximity.
The face of Brooklyn has undergone quite a transformation near the turn of the twenty-first century and beyond. It has quickly became an artistic and cultural gathering place as well as incubator for all types of innovative ideas. Among the most prevalent of these innovations throughout the borough is through its redevelopment practices. The park itself is a thorough example of this, as it incorporates several existing historic structures into its design and infrastructure. It spans 85 acres along the East River shoreline near downtown Brooklyn, and its territory marches under both the Brooklyn and Manhattan Bridges. The park also includes six piers and existing warehouses, as well as the Historic Fulton Ferry Landing. These are all remnants of an era where the Brooklyn riverfront played a vital role in the economic growth and dominance of New York City, especially during the era when Brooklyn was a separate municipality. It was a vital transportation and shipping node for not only the city, but the entire region. However, the site's fortunes changed with construction of the bridges to Manhattan, as well as the dominance of rail and, later, automobile transportation.
By the 1950s, the already deteriorating waterfront was dealt another setback as the Brooklyn Queens Expressway severed connections to Brooklyn Heights, a neighborhood directly to the east of it. By the 1980s, the Port Authority has stopped shipping operations at the port. Therefore, a double impact of decreased access and foot traffic combined with limited industry and business severely altered the site in a downward trajectory. It was during this time that concerned waterfront advocates began pushing for a redevelopment of the area, promoting it as a positive spot for public space. That same group grew into the Brooklyn Bridge Park Conservancy, which is currently charged with operating the park. In the late 1990s, a master plan for the park's development was created after an intensive public outreach process. By 2002, the city and state agreed to develop and operate the park in accordance with the guidelines put forth in the master plan. As a part of the agreement, there is a mandate that all park maintenance and operations are required to be economically self-sufficient, with funding coming from revenues from site commercial and residential development.
The park, which as of 2013 is not fully completed, features numerous paths, walkways, and attractions on a site that was once almost purely industrial. It is divided into eleven relatively unique but continuous sections, each with its own attractions, views, and topography. Concessions, unique developments, and environmental restoration projects dot the park's landscape. Numerous sports fields and facilities also play a prominent role in the park, and they serve a vital role in the dense city environment in which it is located. Brooklyn Bridge Park is a visionary project of reclaiming and improving with the public interest in mind. It is truly a park for the 21st century and, although not fully completed, is an example for other deteriorated waterfronts to follow, even if all cannot lay claim to a prized view of Manhattan.
The face of Brooklyn has undergone quite a transformation near the turn of the twenty-first century and beyond. It has quickly became an artistic and cultural gathering place as well as incubator for all types of innovative ideas. Among the most prevalent of these innovations throughout the borough is through its redevelopment practices. The park itself is a thorough example of this, as it incorporates several existing historic structures into its design and infrastructure. It spans 85 acres along the East River shoreline near downtown Brooklyn, and its territory marches under both the Brooklyn and Manhattan Bridges. The park also includes six piers and existing warehouses, as well as the Historic Fulton Ferry Landing. These are all remnants of an era where the Brooklyn riverfront played a vital role in the economic growth and dominance of New York City, especially during the era when Brooklyn was a separate municipality. It was a vital transportation and shipping node for not only the city, but the entire region. However, the site's fortunes changed with construction of the bridges to Manhattan, as well as the dominance of rail and, later, automobile transportation.
By the 1950s, the already deteriorating waterfront was dealt another setback as the Brooklyn Queens Expressway severed connections to Brooklyn Heights, a neighborhood directly to the east of it. By the 1980s, the Port Authority has stopped shipping operations at the port. Therefore, a double impact of decreased access and foot traffic combined with limited industry and business severely altered the site in a downward trajectory. It was during this time that concerned waterfront advocates began pushing for a redevelopment of the area, promoting it as a positive spot for public space. That same group grew into the Brooklyn Bridge Park Conservancy, which is currently charged with operating the park. In the late 1990s, a master plan for the park's development was created after an intensive public outreach process. By 2002, the city and state agreed to develop and operate the park in accordance with the guidelines put forth in the master plan. As a part of the agreement, there is a mandate that all park maintenance and operations are required to be economically self-sufficient, with funding coming from revenues from site commercial and residential development.
The park, which as of 2013 is not fully completed, features numerous paths, walkways, and attractions on a site that was once almost purely industrial. It is divided into eleven relatively unique but continuous sections, each with its own attractions, views, and topography. Concessions, unique developments, and environmental restoration projects dot the park's landscape. Numerous sports fields and facilities also play a prominent role in the park, and they serve a vital role in the dense city environment in which it is located. Brooklyn Bridge Park is a visionary project of reclaiming and improving with the public interest in mind. It is truly a park for the 21st century and, although not fully completed, is an example for other deteriorated waterfronts to follow, even if all cannot lay claim to a prized view of Manhattan.
Sunday, May 5, 2013
Belle Isle Park - Detroit, MI
The largest urban island park in America resides within the city limits of Detroit. Belle Isle Park is a 982-acre oasis of open space within the city of Detroit. It is located just a few miles northeast of downtown in the Detroit River, which separates the United States from Canada. The MacArthur bridge allows access from the mainland of the Detroit side of the river. The bridge is pedestrian-friendly, so the park is accessible to anyone who desires to visit it. The park has been a consistent attraction for a city that has experienced more than its fair share of troubles, particularly in the latter half of the twentieth century and beyond.
Detroit has lost more than half its population from its peak period in the 1950s, when the total was over 1.9 million. As of 2010, the population had dropped all the way to around 713,000, a decline of over a million people. The city has lost more population than it currently has since 1950. The ramifications of this decline are widespread and mostly beyond the scope of this article. It is not an easy topic to digest, discuss, or tackle. However, Belle Isle Park has managed to remain somewhat of a bright spot within the city throughout much of this turmoil. It provides an incredible outlet for city to escape the realities of living in a city mired in such a state. Recreation, exercise, and cultural attractions are abound throughout the park, all adding to quality of life indicators for city residents. Various paths and roadways wind throughout the park, providing relatively easy access to most of the park's 982 acres.The park itself is a sublime mix of natural beauty mixed with architectural and landscape design.
The park has a long history and is listed on the U.S. Register of National Historic Places. The island has been preserved since the mid 1800s, and a design plan for the park was created by the famous Frederick Law Olmsted in the 1880s. However, the park was not fully implemented in his vision, although he did heavily contribute. The park as it currently exists features numerous trails, paths, and recreation and sports facilities, but also several cultural attractions. The Belle Isle Nature Zoo is a popular attraction as well as the Dossin Great Lakes Museum, which focuses on Great Lakes shipping and maritime history. Two other popular attractions are the James Scott Memorial Fountain, which dates back to 1925, and the Belle Isle Conservatory. A greenhouse and botanical garden comprise the Conservatory, which has been in existence since 1904 and is free to visit for everyone.
A key components of the park's current condition and even existence is the work of non-profit and volunteer groups. They have taken the initiative to care for the park in ways in which the city itself has been unable. For example, the park was forced to close the park's popular aquarium in 2005 due to funding and operational issues. However, the work of these groups led an effort that resulted in a successful reopening in 2012. The aquarium fully run by volunteers. Overall, the park is a monument to the city's glorious past as well as its promise. It is the public park showcase of what once was one of the top American cities. However, the park's future is constantly in question as Detroit continues to struggle with economic and management problems. But the park still plays an incredibly valuable role in city life, and is yet another example of how non-profit, private, and volunteer groups can maintain and protect cherished public spaces.
Detroit has lost more than half its population from its peak period in the 1950s, when the total was over 1.9 million. As of 2010, the population had dropped all the way to around 713,000, a decline of over a million people. The city has lost more population than it currently has since 1950. The ramifications of this decline are widespread and mostly beyond the scope of this article. It is not an easy topic to digest, discuss, or tackle. However, Belle Isle Park has managed to remain somewhat of a bright spot within the city throughout much of this turmoil. It provides an incredible outlet for city to escape the realities of living in a city mired in such a state. Recreation, exercise, and cultural attractions are abound throughout the park, all adding to quality of life indicators for city residents. Various paths and roadways wind throughout the park, providing relatively easy access to most of the park's 982 acres.The park itself is a sublime mix of natural beauty mixed with architectural and landscape design.
The park has a long history and is listed on the U.S. Register of National Historic Places. The island has been preserved since the mid 1800s, and a design plan for the park was created by the famous Frederick Law Olmsted in the 1880s. However, the park was not fully implemented in his vision, although he did heavily contribute. The park as it currently exists features numerous trails, paths, and recreation and sports facilities, but also several cultural attractions. The Belle Isle Nature Zoo is a popular attraction as well as the Dossin Great Lakes Museum, which focuses on Great Lakes shipping and maritime history. Two other popular attractions are the James Scott Memorial Fountain, which dates back to 1925, and the Belle Isle Conservatory. A greenhouse and botanical garden comprise the Conservatory, which has been in existence since 1904 and is free to visit for everyone.
A key components of the park's current condition and even existence is the work of non-profit and volunteer groups. They have taken the initiative to care for the park in ways in which the city itself has been unable. For example, the park was forced to close the park's popular aquarium in 2005 due to funding and operational issues. However, the work of these groups led an effort that resulted in a successful reopening in 2012. The aquarium fully run by volunteers. Overall, the park is a monument to the city's glorious past as well as its promise. It is the public park showcase of what once was one of the top American cities. However, the park's future is constantly in question as Detroit continues to struggle with economic and management problems. But the park still plays an incredibly valuable role in city life, and is yet another example of how non-profit, private, and volunteer groups can maintain and protect cherished public spaces.
Saturday, May 4, 2013
Schenley Park - Pittsburgh, PA
Schenley Park is a prized and vital attraction that provides an invaluable service to the city of Pittsburgh. It is a large municipal park composed of 456 acres that is located on the eastern side of the urban core of the city. Created in 1889, it is now designated as a historic district by The National Register of Historic Places. The park is named after Mary Schenley, who donated the initial 300 acres of land to the city for public park purposes. The park has become a civic centerpiece and source of pride for the city, and it borders the boundaries of two esteemed academic institutions in the University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University. As a result, the park is heavily used and provides a pivotal slice of nature for inner-city Pittsburgh while improving the quality of life of its surroundings.
The park features several miles of hiking and recreational trails that wind through both well-landscaped and wild areas. The park's current landscape and visual appearance was the result of much alteration on the city's behalf. In the park's nascent years, the land was mostly barren. Widespread planting and landscaping was implemented to address this and it added considerable character to the park. Now the park is a heavily forested space featuring a diversity of plant and tree species. It is also home to many of Pittsburgh's prized cultural and recreation attractions, even though some have disappeared from the park throughout time. The park hosts the Bob O'Connor Golf Course, which is a full 18-hole public course on rolling terrain. In addition the Schenley Oval Sportsplex is home to a variety of fields and opportunities, including thirteen tennis courts, an all-weather running track, a soccer field, and cross country trails, among others. An 18-hole disc golf course is also located on park property, and it is a popular destination for the activity's growing following. Furthermore, wide open spaces are in abundance such as Panther Hollow Valley, a woodland valley with streams located just minutes from dense city development. Panther Hollow Lake is it's centerpiece and was created artificially in 1909 to provide nature access for urban dwellers. It is also the current recipient of a thorough restoration project to restore and improve its condition, which has deteriorated significantly over time.
Several built structures also serve as park highlights. The Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens, located on the northern edges of the park, is one of the largest of its kind in the country. Located within a renovated Victorian glasshouse, it has been a park institution since opening in 1893. The Westinghouse Memorial is also a favored spot and is a masterpiece of landscape architecture. The monument, which honors inventor and industrialist George Westinghouse, and its surrounding pond and topography were all exquisitely and privately despite its rustic and natural appearance. There are many other things to highlight in the park as well, but all that needs to be said is that Schenley Park is an incredible civic asset to Pittsburgh. The city is not known to outsiders for natural beauty and outdoor recreation opportunities. This park proves that notion wrong and provides city residents with a valuable natural retreat. That is the most significant reason the park has enjoyed its popularity for over 100 years and counting.
The park features several miles of hiking and recreational trails that wind through both well-landscaped and wild areas. The park's current landscape and visual appearance was the result of much alteration on the city's behalf. In the park's nascent years, the land was mostly barren. Widespread planting and landscaping was implemented to address this and it added considerable character to the park. Now the park is a heavily forested space featuring a diversity of plant and tree species. It is also home to many of Pittsburgh's prized cultural and recreation attractions, even though some have disappeared from the park throughout time. The park hosts the Bob O'Connor Golf Course, which is a full 18-hole public course on rolling terrain. In addition the Schenley Oval Sportsplex is home to a variety of fields and opportunities, including thirteen tennis courts, an all-weather running track, a soccer field, and cross country trails, among others. An 18-hole disc golf course is also located on park property, and it is a popular destination for the activity's growing following. Furthermore, wide open spaces are in abundance such as Panther Hollow Valley, a woodland valley with streams located just minutes from dense city development. Panther Hollow Lake is it's centerpiece and was created artificially in 1909 to provide nature access for urban dwellers. It is also the current recipient of a thorough restoration project to restore and improve its condition, which has deteriorated significantly over time.
Several built structures also serve as park highlights. The Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens, located on the northern edges of the park, is one of the largest of its kind in the country. Located within a renovated Victorian glasshouse, it has been a park institution since opening in 1893. The Westinghouse Memorial is also a favored spot and is a masterpiece of landscape architecture. The monument, which honors inventor and industrialist George Westinghouse, and its surrounding pond and topography were all exquisitely and privately despite its rustic and natural appearance. There are many other things to highlight in the park as well, but all that needs to be said is that Schenley Park is an incredible civic asset to Pittsburgh. The city is not known to outsiders for natural beauty and outdoor recreation opportunities. This park proves that notion wrong and provides city residents with a valuable natural retreat. That is the most significant reason the park has enjoyed its popularity for over 100 years and counting.
Tuesday, April 30, 2013
Prospect Park, Brooklyn, NY
Prospect Park is one of the centerpieces of Brooklyn. It is a large public park that is strategically located within the borough, and has been an extremely valuable economic development catalyst for its surrounding neighborhoods. In an environment as dense as New York City, neighborhoods that are in close proximity to attractive and user-friendly public spaces are highly prized. As Brooklyn has become increasingly revitalized in recent decades, the neighborhoods directly adjacent to Park Slope and the park have experienced a dramatically positive economic turnaround. The attraction that is helping to pull people and investment to the area is a nearly 600 acre classic park that provides a valuable slice of nature that is comparable to a more wild version of Central Park. That comparison is not a coincidence, as Fredrick Law Olmsted is the mind and designer behind both parks that are now cultural and historic milestones for the city.
Prospect Park is a long ingrained cornerstone of Brooklyn life. The park has been open to the public since 1867, and has changed much in character and design since this initial date. A desire for the park grew directly from the successful development of Central Park, located a few miles away across the East River in Manhattan. A 585-acre oasis of natural beauty within the most densely urbanized region in America was the result of this desire. It is one of the prized masterpieces of the Olmsted park collection. The park itself is diverse, reflecting the extremely diverse character of Brooklyn and the neighborhoods that surround it. Olmsted designed the park to feature three distinct regions including a long open meadow, a heavily wooded ravine area, and a 60-acre lake. Originally imagined a place for rural retreat within city limits, its character and use has changed a bit over time. New additions to the original concept a zoo, playgrounds, public meeting spaces, and a bandshell, among others. Also, formalized entrances were later added to major park entrances. However, despite all of the activity, the park maintains an extremely natural and rural character (minus the crowds of people) throughout much of its interior. This is an invaluable asset to Brooklyn and New York City residents that exist in extremely dense and crowded environments.
However, as with much of New York City, the park experienced a period of decline in the latter half of the twentieth century. Popularity and overuse of facilities within the park led to declining conditions. This combined with a decrease in available funding to create an overall deterioration of facilities and conditions. As the neighborhoods surrounding the park changed and declined, the park followed suit. It was a similar trajectory to its sister in Manhattan, Central Park. However, the park enjoyed less funding and visitors than its celebrated sibling. By 1979, annual park visits had dropped to its lowest total in over 100 years. It became known as a dangerous place to avoid, which goes against all that it should stand for. An alteration in thinking had to occur and, by the 1980s, the NYC Parks Department entered into a partnership with Prospect Park Alliance, a non-profit organization, to manage and care for the park. The Alliance has been able to steadily increase private support and restoration of the park. Restoration efforts have been successfully implemented throughout many of the park's sectors. They have helped immensely to steer projects where the Parks Department have been unable to do so due to budget limitations and attention given to other city parks.
Prospect Park is now perhaps in a better condition than which it has ever been before. Brooklyn, New York City, and the park have all recently experienced a renaissance. The park is now safer and more popular than ever. It's surrounding neighborhoods are all on a consistent economic upswing. It is not a coincidence that they are within such close proximity to the grandest public space in all of Brooklyn. The park also serves as another prime example of the importance of public-private partnerships in maintenance and operation of valuable public spaces.
Prospect Park is a long ingrained cornerstone of Brooklyn life. The park has been open to the public since 1867, and has changed much in character and design since this initial date. A desire for the park grew directly from the successful development of Central Park, located a few miles away across the East River in Manhattan. A 585-acre oasis of natural beauty within the most densely urbanized region in America was the result of this desire. It is one of the prized masterpieces of the Olmsted park collection. The park itself is diverse, reflecting the extremely diverse character of Brooklyn and the neighborhoods that surround it. Olmsted designed the park to feature three distinct regions including a long open meadow, a heavily wooded ravine area, and a 60-acre lake. Originally imagined a place for rural retreat within city limits, its character and use has changed a bit over time. New additions to the original concept a zoo, playgrounds, public meeting spaces, and a bandshell, among others. Also, formalized entrances were later added to major park entrances. However, despite all of the activity, the park maintains an extremely natural and rural character (minus the crowds of people) throughout much of its interior. This is an invaluable asset to Brooklyn and New York City residents that exist in extremely dense and crowded environments.
However, as with much of New York City, the park experienced a period of decline in the latter half of the twentieth century. Popularity and overuse of facilities within the park led to declining conditions. This combined with a decrease in available funding to create an overall deterioration of facilities and conditions. As the neighborhoods surrounding the park changed and declined, the park followed suit. It was a similar trajectory to its sister in Manhattan, Central Park. However, the park enjoyed less funding and visitors than its celebrated sibling. By 1979, annual park visits had dropped to its lowest total in over 100 years. It became known as a dangerous place to avoid, which goes against all that it should stand for. An alteration in thinking had to occur and, by the 1980s, the NYC Parks Department entered into a partnership with Prospect Park Alliance, a non-profit organization, to manage and care for the park. The Alliance has been able to steadily increase private support and restoration of the park. Restoration efforts have been successfully implemented throughout many of the park's sectors. They have helped immensely to steer projects where the Parks Department have been unable to do so due to budget limitations and attention given to other city parks.
Prospect Park is now perhaps in a better condition than which it has ever been before. Brooklyn, New York City, and the park have all recently experienced a renaissance. The park is now safer and more popular than ever. It's surrounding neighborhoods are all on a consistent economic upswing. It is not a coincidence that they are within such close proximity to the grandest public space in all of Brooklyn. The park also serves as another prime example of the importance of public-private partnerships in maintenance and operation of valuable public spaces.
Thursday, April 25, 2013
Gas Works Park - Seattle, WA
Gas Works Park in Seattle is one of the classic examples of the adaptive re-use of industrial land. The roughly 20-acre site has been transformed from an industrial plant area that was used to manufacture gas from coal into an inventive public park space. It was also one of the first in the growing trend of reinventing industrial or contaminated sites into parkland. Opening in 1975 to the public, the park is one the true forerunners of the positive movement of reclaiming under-used land to promote the quality of life of the general public.
The park commands a valuable parcel of real estate on the northern shore of Lake Union in central Seattle. In a city defined by water and incredible access to shoreline, Gas Works Park holds one of the most scenic spots along the waterfront within the city limits. Looking directly south, the park has an incredible vantage point of the downtown skyline as well as other waterfront neighborhoods that line Lake Union. This public treasure was once the site of Seattle Gas Light Company's gasification plant, which was in operation for fifty years from 1906 until 1956. The plant was used to manufacture gas from coal, which was later converted to crude oil. It was a highly important piece to Seattle's infrastructure up until 1956, when the city decided to convert its energy consumption towards natural gas. As a result, the plant ceased operations. However, its buildings along the waterfront site remained. The city bought the site in 1962 and dedicated it towards park purposes in an effort to create valuable space for the public.
The park, which opened to the public thirteen years after the municipal purchase, incorporates the infrastructure of the former plant in its design and layout. Some of the old plant's structures stand as ruins while others have been preserved in various forms, including being painted. A prime example of re-using existing infrastructure is the renovation of the former exhauster-compressor building into a brightly-painted children's play barn. This was achieved after the site and the remaining structures had been thoroughly inspected and cleaned up. This was a major reason the park did not open to the public until 1975 despite being purchased over a decade earlier. The remaining structures were allowed to stay due to extensive research and public outreach that determined the incredible value of preversing a piece of Seattle's industrial history.
The final result of the park is an extremely well-designed urban space. A former place to avoid and even an eyesore along Lake Union has become a prime attraction. The 20-acre park is composed of gently rolling hills that provide a space for relaxation or passive recreation. The former industrial infrastructure is now a cherished Seattle institution, as it stands out as monument to history among its rather modernized surrounding landscape. It showcases Seattle's industrial heritage while also featuring its forward-thinking present and sustainable future. Most importantly, the park provides more valuable open space within a highly urbanized area. Even in a city as blessed as Seattle is in regards to open space and the natural environment, that is always something to be cherished.
The park commands a valuable parcel of real estate on the northern shore of Lake Union in central Seattle. In a city defined by water and incredible access to shoreline, Gas Works Park holds one of the most scenic spots along the waterfront within the city limits. Looking directly south, the park has an incredible vantage point of the downtown skyline as well as other waterfront neighborhoods that line Lake Union. This public treasure was once the site of Seattle Gas Light Company's gasification plant, which was in operation for fifty years from 1906 until 1956. The plant was used to manufacture gas from coal, which was later converted to crude oil. It was a highly important piece to Seattle's infrastructure up until 1956, when the city decided to convert its energy consumption towards natural gas. As a result, the plant ceased operations. However, its buildings along the waterfront site remained. The city bought the site in 1962 and dedicated it towards park purposes in an effort to create valuable space for the public.
The park, which opened to the public thirteen years after the municipal purchase, incorporates the infrastructure of the former plant in its design and layout. Some of the old plant's structures stand as ruins while others have been preserved in various forms, including being painted. A prime example of re-using existing infrastructure is the renovation of the former exhauster-compressor building into a brightly-painted children's play barn. This was achieved after the site and the remaining structures had been thoroughly inspected and cleaned up. This was a major reason the park did not open to the public until 1975 despite being purchased over a decade earlier. The remaining structures were allowed to stay due to extensive research and public outreach that determined the incredible value of preversing a piece of Seattle's industrial history.
The final result of the park is an extremely well-designed urban space. A former place to avoid and even an eyesore along Lake Union has become a prime attraction. The 20-acre park is composed of gently rolling hills that provide a space for relaxation or passive recreation. The former industrial infrastructure is now a cherished Seattle institution, as it stands out as monument to history among its rather modernized surrounding landscape. It showcases Seattle's industrial heritage while also featuring its forward-thinking present and sustainable future. Most importantly, the park provides more valuable open space within a highly urbanized area. Even in a city as blessed as Seattle is in regards to open space and the natural environment, that is always something to be cherished.
Tuesday, April 23, 2013
Santa Fe Railyard - Santa Fe, NM
The Santa Fe Railyard is yet another prime example of the adaptive reuse and redesign of land for a public space purpose. Born in the 2000s, the park is among the growing movement of turning underused or contaminated land into park space. In this example, the heart of downtown Santa Fe has been re-energized by the implementation of the park. It successfully connects neighborhoods that had previously been discouraged in doing so by the blighted site. A light industrial site that was all but abandoned is now a green and scenic space that promotes the health and quality of life of the citizens of the city.
The park is exactly what its name suggests. It is a transformation of the former Santa Fe Railyard, which was an active hub in this outpost of the mountain west during the era of train dominance. However, that dominance began to wane dramatically in the mid 20th century as the importance of interstate automobile transport elevated. Before that, however, the railyard was a central hub of life in Santa Fe. It was a terminal and was an important stop for both freight and tourists alike. The neighborhoods directly surrounding the yard grew dramatically as a direct result of its presence, due to the demand of housing the workers associated with the rail economy. As the importance of rail declined, the site deteriorated along with the surrounding neighborhoods.
A large public and private partnership initiated a move for change in a new direction for the site throughout the 1990s and 2000s. The Trust for Public Land helped to design the resulting park, which came about through a Master Plan that was developed with thorough public input. The citizens of Santa Fe wished to create a site that integrated the unique history, landscape, and culture of the region while turning it into the central hub it had once been. The park is now operated by the Santa Fe Railyard Community Corporation, a non-profit organization, once again signifying the importance of public-private partnerships in creating successful public spaces. This process resulted in a sustainable public space that opened in 2008 and provides trails, art, and communal space that spans over a 13 acre parcel. It is a true mix between an recreation open space and a well-designed and built cultural attraction. As an example, trails go right up against old parked rail cars that are adorned with artwork and provide character to the new hub that has been created. The park also provides a sustainable oasis, as innovative practices in the storage, harvesting, and distribution of water have been implemented, resulting in vegetation that flourishes in an otherwise arid and often drought-stricken region.
Santa Fe has historically been an independent city with its own sense of culture, and has long attracted artistic types. The Railyard is certainly a welcome addition to this setting and has quickly gained rave reviews and become a focal attraction within the city. It is also a model for other cities to follow in redeveloping underused or abandoned sites for public parkland. This relatively small parcel of land in Santa Fe has had a great positive impact within the city due this process.
The park is exactly what its name suggests. It is a transformation of the former Santa Fe Railyard, which was an active hub in this outpost of the mountain west during the era of train dominance. However, that dominance began to wane dramatically in the mid 20th century as the importance of interstate automobile transport elevated. Before that, however, the railyard was a central hub of life in Santa Fe. It was a terminal and was an important stop for both freight and tourists alike. The neighborhoods directly surrounding the yard grew dramatically as a direct result of its presence, due to the demand of housing the workers associated with the rail economy. As the importance of rail declined, the site deteriorated along with the surrounding neighborhoods.
A large public and private partnership initiated a move for change in a new direction for the site throughout the 1990s and 2000s. The Trust for Public Land helped to design the resulting park, which came about through a Master Plan that was developed with thorough public input. The citizens of Santa Fe wished to create a site that integrated the unique history, landscape, and culture of the region while turning it into the central hub it had once been. The park is now operated by the Santa Fe Railyard Community Corporation, a non-profit organization, once again signifying the importance of public-private partnerships in creating successful public spaces. This process resulted in a sustainable public space that opened in 2008 and provides trails, art, and communal space that spans over a 13 acre parcel. It is a true mix between an recreation open space and a well-designed and built cultural attraction. As an example, trails go right up against old parked rail cars that are adorned with artwork and provide character to the new hub that has been created. The park also provides a sustainable oasis, as innovative practices in the storage, harvesting, and distribution of water have been implemented, resulting in vegetation that flourishes in an otherwise arid and often drought-stricken region.
Santa Fe has historically been an independent city with its own sense of culture, and has long attracted artistic types. The Railyard is certainly a welcome addition to this setting and has quickly gained rave reviews and become a focal attraction within the city. It is also a model for other cities to follow in redeveloping underused or abandoned sites for public parkland. This relatively small parcel of land in Santa Fe has had a great positive impact within the city due this process.
Monday, April 22, 2013
High Line - New York, NY
The High Line has quickly established itself as one of the most popular park in New York City, despite the fact that is among the newest. It has also quickly become a celebrated example for other cities and projects to follow as it showcases the tremendous positive potential of parks and their impact on the surrounding community. Above all, the park turned a blighted and abandoned stretch of land into an incredible resource and attraction. It achieved this by adaptively reusing a a former elevated rail line into a publicly accessible and environmentally-friendly green space.
The park is the result of a recycling of a former elevated rail line that went right through the Meatpacking District and Chelsea south of Penn Station on the west side of Manhattan. From 1934 until 1980, an industrial freight train line existed on the same path on which the park now stands. It served as a connection between Midtown and Lower Manhattan for factories and warehouses. It rolled directly through dense development, and alarmingly close to buildings. It even connected directly inside of some buildings and factories, such as Chelsea market. It was viewed useful ploy to alleviate street traffic by allowing goods and produce to be unloaded without disturbing the flow of traffic. However, the usefulness of the line declined in the 1950s as the dominance of interstate trucking began to take hold. In 1960, the southernmost section of the line was demolished, which was about half of its length. By 1980, all train traffic ceased on the remaining section. However, the elevated line continued to exist in abandonment.
The abandoned and quickly overgrown rail line cut through a gritty area of Manhattan. The rail line served as a metaphor for an area with declining industry and a rough reputation. However, by 1999, a non-profit group called Friends of the High Line, started a campaign to preserve and renovate the line as it was being slated for demolition. They advocated for the reuse of the line for green space or park purposes. By 2004, Mayor Michael Bloomberg had thrown his support towards the project and it was on its way. By 2009, the southern section of the park was opened, and it was followed by the northern section in 2011. The resulting park is a leisurely, and at times narrow, 1.45 mile pedestrian walkway above the streets of Chelsea. Public seating has been provided throughout its length and it is interspersed with well-designed landscaping that add to the incredible views of the city and the Hudson River.
The High Line has also had an enormously positive economic development impact on its surrounding neighborhood. It has increased foot traffic to the area, as it has become a favored local and tourist destination due to its free and public nature. New businesses and residential developments have also spouted up as a result. Chelsea and the surrounding area have become home to a young and fashionable crowd, and rents and real estate prices have skyrocketed. Luxury units are now commonplace along the sides of the park, with only feet separating their respective boundaries. The success of the High Line has spurred a slate of similar plans and ideas in cities across the world for transforming abandoned elevated land into public space. The park proves that antiquated land uses can be transformed into modern public amenities that substantially improve neighborhood quality of life.
The park is the result of a recycling of a former elevated rail line that went right through the Meatpacking District and Chelsea south of Penn Station on the west side of Manhattan. From 1934 until 1980, an industrial freight train line existed on the same path on which the park now stands. It served as a connection between Midtown and Lower Manhattan for factories and warehouses. It rolled directly through dense development, and alarmingly close to buildings. It even connected directly inside of some buildings and factories, such as Chelsea market. It was viewed useful ploy to alleviate street traffic by allowing goods and produce to be unloaded without disturbing the flow of traffic. However, the usefulness of the line declined in the 1950s as the dominance of interstate trucking began to take hold. In 1960, the southernmost section of the line was demolished, which was about half of its length. By 1980, all train traffic ceased on the remaining section. However, the elevated line continued to exist in abandonment.
The abandoned and quickly overgrown rail line cut through a gritty area of Manhattan. The rail line served as a metaphor for an area with declining industry and a rough reputation. However, by 1999, a non-profit group called Friends of the High Line, started a campaign to preserve and renovate the line as it was being slated for demolition. They advocated for the reuse of the line for green space or park purposes. By 2004, Mayor Michael Bloomberg had thrown his support towards the project and it was on its way. By 2009, the southern section of the park was opened, and it was followed by the northern section in 2011. The resulting park is a leisurely, and at times narrow, 1.45 mile pedestrian walkway above the streets of Chelsea. Public seating has been provided throughout its length and it is interspersed with well-designed landscaping that add to the incredible views of the city and the Hudson River.
The High Line has also had an enormously positive economic development impact on its surrounding neighborhood. It has increased foot traffic to the area, as it has become a favored local and tourist destination due to its free and public nature. New businesses and residential developments have also spouted up as a result. Chelsea and the surrounding area have become home to a young and fashionable crowd, and rents and real estate prices have skyrocketed. Luxury units are now commonplace along the sides of the park, with only feet separating their respective boundaries. The success of the High Line has spurred a slate of similar plans and ideas in cities across the world for transforming abandoned elevated land into public space. The park proves that antiquated land uses can be transformed into modern public amenities that substantially improve neighborhood quality of life.
Sunday, April 21, 2013
Riverside Park - New York, NY
Riverside Park provides a valuable service in the contribution to the quality of life in New York City. The park allows for free public access to the Hudson River waterfront. This is despite of the existence of the Henry Hudson Parkway/West Side Highway that spans the length of riverfront on the west side of Manhattan. However, the park has been successfully created on a long, narrow stretch of land on both sides of the highway. Over time, access to the river has been added to the park's boundaries, as it was not in its initial form. It is also another prime example of the revitalization of the New York City park system and the city itself. Riverside Park is now a prime destination on the Upper West Side, one of the most desired locales in the city.
The first segment of the park was acquired through condemnation of land in 1872. The conceptual idea for the park was drawn by Frederick Law Olmsted, and a series of designers were given the task of incorporating and refining his ideas into reality. It was a slow-moving process, but work was completed on a large stretch of the park, from 72nd St. to 125th St. by 1910. As is the story with many grand parks in New York City, it started out as a success but eventually suffered years of decline and neglect. This trajectory coincided with the fortunes of New York and, more specifically, the Upper West Side. As time progressed and the belief in the importance of open space and public access to the waterfront increased, these fortunes changed. Not only was access to the river added to the original design and boundaries, but the park was also expanded southward to 59th Street from the original end line of 72nd Street. The resulting character of the park is one that is quite diverse and and features a few distinct layers that smoothly blend into one another.
Currently, the park is a crucial stretch of the uninterrupted greenway that exists along the Hudson River in Manhattan. The trail on the western edge of the park is an attraction in its own right, but also only a part of the park. The majority of it exists as a downhill-sloping green space from the residential neighborhoods of the Upper West Side to the Hudson River. Meandering stairways and walkways lined with grand landscaping and monuments make up its character. The current state of the park also greatly benefits from a nonprofit partner organization called the Riverside Park Fund The Fund has over over 4,000 members and a budget of over $2 million dedicated to general park improvements such as landscaping and park facilities.
Riverside Park is now a prime destination and selling point on the Upper West Side. This is in contrast to an era in which it was once neglected and though of as an area to avoid. If viewed in that manner, it's story is not that much different from the majority of Manhattan, which is home to some America's most crucial open space.
The first segment of the park was acquired through condemnation of land in 1872. The conceptual idea for the park was drawn by Frederick Law Olmsted, and a series of designers were given the task of incorporating and refining his ideas into reality. It was a slow-moving process, but work was completed on a large stretch of the park, from 72nd St. to 125th St. by 1910. As is the story with many grand parks in New York City, it started out as a success but eventually suffered years of decline and neglect. This trajectory coincided with the fortunes of New York and, more specifically, the Upper West Side. As time progressed and the belief in the importance of open space and public access to the waterfront increased, these fortunes changed. Not only was access to the river added to the original design and boundaries, but the park was also expanded southward to 59th Street from the original end line of 72nd Street. The resulting character of the park is one that is quite diverse and and features a few distinct layers that smoothly blend into one another.
Currently, the park is a crucial stretch of the uninterrupted greenway that exists along the Hudson River in Manhattan. The trail on the western edge of the park is an attraction in its own right, but also only a part of the park. The majority of it exists as a downhill-sloping green space from the residential neighborhoods of the Upper West Side to the Hudson River. Meandering stairways and walkways lined with grand landscaping and monuments make up its character. The current state of the park also greatly benefits from a nonprofit partner organization called the Riverside Park Fund The Fund has over over 4,000 members and a budget of over $2 million dedicated to general park improvements such as landscaping and park facilities.
Riverside Park is now a prime destination and selling point on the Upper West Side. This is in contrast to an era in which it was once neglected and though of as an area to avoid. If viewed in that manner, it's story is not that much different from the majority of Manhattan, which is home to some America's most crucial open space.
Tuesday, April 9, 2013
Vista Hermosa Natural Park - Los Angeles, CA
Other entries on parks in Los Angeles on this site have already established that the city suffers from a lack of adequate park space in relation to it's massive size. This fact belies the stereotype that Los Angeles is an open space and outdoor enthusiast's paradise, with great weather to enjoy it year-round. The reality is that the inner-city of Los Angeles is a densely-populated metropolis with little in the way of preserved parks or open space, and much of the city's population does not have access to the massive amount of open space on the coastline or the outer edges of the city. This is the main reason why Vista Hermosa Natural Park is an incredibly important new resource in the city. It provides a valuable open space outlet on the western gateway to downtown to a larger community that desperately was in need of one.
Vista Hermosa holds the distinction of being the first public park built in the core of Los Angeles in over one hundred years. Opening in the summer of 2008, the park is a welcome new addition to the city, and has been well-received since its inception. The park is now a favored green space in the city, and features stunning views of the city's famous skyline. It is relatively small in size at 10.5 acres, but it fills an incredibly needed niche. The park provides a slice of Southern California natural beauty in the heart of an area dominated by lack of open space and a heavily minority working-class population. It helps to fulfill the park void in a city where only a third of its residents live within a quarter-mile of a park, according to a 2004 Trust for Public Land study. It is facts like that that make the city one of the most park-deprived urban centers in America, which is unfortunate due to the incredible potential, geography, and climate of the area.
The park sits on a plot of land that had been the subject of land use and political battles for over a decade before development of the park. When it was finally decided to be used as parkland, the park was designed as a model for urban sustainability and revitalization within the city. It was also the result, as parks like these so often are, of a public-private partnership between the Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy and The City of Los Angeles, as well as various private funding sources and a grant from United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). The park combines a modern design with preserving historic natural qualities of the region. The park successfully restored much of the natural topography and vegetation of the area, as it features, trails, streams, meadows, oak savannahs, all interspersed with native Mediterranean vegetation. The park also provides an environmental education center which promotes the native life of the park as well as the green technology. The design process sought to maximize energy efficiency while minimizing environmental impact. The result is that the park is a self-contained watershed filled with permeable surfaces and green roofs on all structures. All of the water in the park is captured and re-used to water the park during prolonged droughts, which are regular occurrences in Los Angeles.
In the end, Vista Hermosa Park is a valuable asset for the city. It combines creation and preservation of open space with forward-thinking green technology that will help in sustaining the park's presence. Moreover, it allows urban-dwelling Los Angeles residents with little mobility access to attractive public park space. The city finally seems to be getting the right idea in regards to parkland, and Vista Hermosa is a great step forward.
Monday, April 8, 2013
Bryant Park
Bryant Park is an example of a park that, despite it's small size, plays an incredibly key role in the area in which it is located. It happens to be located in perhaps the busiest neighborhood in America, and therefore is a very natural attraction within it. Bryant Park is located just to the east of Times Square, the tourist epicenter of Midtown Manhattan in New York. Although it is only 9.6 acres in size, it provides an essential component of life in one of the most densely developed areas in the world. However, it's pristine present-day condition is not coincidental, and has taken plenty of effort.
The fortunes of Bryant Park have coincided with the trajectory of not only the Times Square area but also New York City as a whole. Although the park site has been designated as public land since 1686, it was not until 1847 that the first official park opened, then known as Reservoir Square. It was used for military drills during the Civil War, and it was finally named Bryant Park in 1884 after William Cullen Bryant, a notable New York Evening Post editor and abolitionist. By 1899, the reservoir on the site had been removed and construction began on the famous New York Public Library, which overlooks the park to this day. It was in this era of development at the turn of the century that much was invested in the park, including landscaping, terraces, and public facilities. However, the park quickly fell into neglect during much of the twentieth century.
The park, which featured all the potential of being a grand public centerpiece in the neighborhood, deteriorated during the city's economic and social struggles that reached a boiling point in the 1970s. The neglect really began in the 1920s, when the northern half of the park was closed due to the construction of Interborough Rapid Transit (IRT) subway tunnel that was being constructed along 42nd Street, as the city used the valuable space to store equipment. Over time, the park lost favor with much of the community, and a seedy element began to move in, much like nearby Times Square. In the 1970s, the park became a notorious spot for all sorts of unsavory activity. Drug dealers, prostitutes, and homeless people dominated the park, and it was considered by the larger public to be unsafe and even dangerous. By the turn of the 1980s, several concerned citizens teamed up to address the future of the park.
It was in this spirit that the Bryant Park Corporation was born. A group of prominent citizens and nearby property owners had a vested interest in restoring the park to its original intended glory, while also revitalizing the surrounding neighborhood. It was initially supported by the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, but has since transitioned to a funding based on assessment from nearby businesses and property owners, who all enjoy the benefit of close access to the revitalized park. Between the 1980s and the 2000s, the park underwent a radical transformation as a result of this effort. Due to the Corporation's effort's, which controls the park's operations, the park has a dedicated maintenance staff, has improved street entrances, outstanding public facilities, and an extensive collection of public seating, which is a main attraction to the park in it's dense surroundings.
Currently, Bryant Park is one of the key examples of the revival of New York City at the turn of the twenty-first century. The park is an important functioning element of life in busy Midtown Manhattan. It is a place to gather and relax, rather than to avoid. Real estate values in the surrounding area have skyrocketed, and Bryant Park has definitely contributed to it. It is a prime example of a group of concerned citizens taking charge and redirecting a valuable public land for the beneficial use of the public. The result is one of the most popular public spaces in New York City.
Sunday, April 7, 2013
Central Park - New York, NY
Central Park is the most celebrated urban parks in not only America, but possibly the world. It is the public centerpiece of the largest city in America, and is the most heavily used park in the country as well. It is a top attraction for tourists and residents alike, as they are both drawn to the undeniable qualities the park offers. Over 35 million annual visitors can attest to the park's charms as well as the important role it plays. Central Park is the classic definition of an urban park and the prototype on which countless other parks around the world have tried to emulate. It provides a free sanctuary from the chaotic and dense urban environment of New York City. It also acts as one of the most vital and effective economic development catalysts in not only the city, but perhaps the entire country.
The park began to be developed at a time of incredible growth in New York City's population. It also coincided with the rising belief in the positive benefits of adequate public space in crowded urban areas. The park began to be created in 1857 in an area of Manhattan that was largely different from its present-day development character. The northern part of the island had yet to be densely developed, but it was being rapidly encroached upon. The city decided it would be in the best interest of everyone to preserve a large tract of land for public space, which was a revolutionary tactic in a time where open space was often an afterthought. This was especially true in New York, where dense development dominated with little regard given to park or public space. Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux won a design competition that was put forth by the city, and their job was to create large public centerpiece in the city. They accomplished that feat and so much more.
Olmsted desired to bring the grand public parks in various cities across Europe, which he personally experienced, to America. The design and construction process was very comprehensive, as the park today is not a representation of the natural landscape. The terrain was altered throughout the park's territory and soil was transported from areas such as New Jersey because the original soil was not thought to be strong enough to support the amount of trees and other landscaping throughout the park. Numerous ponds and lakes were implemented as well ,and they quickly became favored spots in the park. Over time, the park became home to an impressive amount of sculptures, monuments, and other public art.
Not much else really needs to be stated about the park, as it has been re-hashed over and over again since its inception. However, the park has not been without its challenges, and its fortunes and history has largely coincided directly with New York City as a whole. The park was a grand success when it first opened as the city was growing and establishing itself as the economic and cultural capital of America. However, for much of the 20th century, the park fell into neglect and disrepair. Maintenance was often overlooked and the architecture of the park suffered. There was little effort to remove things such as dead trees and vandalism became prevalent throughout many areas. By the 1960s and 70s, the park became an area almost to avoid by average New Yorkers and tourists, especially at night. It was considered unsafe and became a haven for crime and antisocial behavior. The park's story was consistent with New York City as a whole, as the 1970s brought turmoil and population decline to the city. However, renewed investment in the park, under the operation of the Central Park Conservancy, has revitalized it and made it perhaps more impressive and welcoming than ever.
In the end, Central Park is the ultimate example of the positive effect a well-designed public space or park can have on its surrounding area. It is not a coincidence that Central Park borders perhaps the priciest and most desirable real estate in not only America, but the world. In New York City, having an address close to the park or even across from it is a highly sought-after status symbol. The park also contributes heavily to the quality of life for New Yorkers of all kinds. True to its name, it is centrally located in the city, allowing easy access for people from differing areas of the massive city. In a city largely without private green space or yards, especially in Manhattan, Central Park functions as a communal yard in which everyone takes pride. It is a valuable spot for events, gatherings, relaxation, and exercise. It is also one of the key components for positive economic development in its area. One cannot ask for much more from a park.
The park began to be developed at a time of incredible growth in New York City's population. It also coincided with the rising belief in the positive benefits of adequate public space in crowded urban areas. The park began to be created in 1857 in an area of Manhattan that was largely different from its present-day development character. The northern part of the island had yet to be densely developed, but it was being rapidly encroached upon. The city decided it would be in the best interest of everyone to preserve a large tract of land for public space, which was a revolutionary tactic in a time where open space was often an afterthought. This was especially true in New York, where dense development dominated with little regard given to park or public space. Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux won a design competition that was put forth by the city, and their job was to create large public centerpiece in the city. They accomplished that feat and so much more.
Olmsted desired to bring the grand public parks in various cities across Europe, which he personally experienced, to America. The design and construction process was very comprehensive, as the park today is not a representation of the natural landscape. The terrain was altered throughout the park's territory and soil was transported from areas such as New Jersey because the original soil was not thought to be strong enough to support the amount of trees and other landscaping throughout the park. Numerous ponds and lakes were implemented as well ,and they quickly became favored spots in the park. Over time, the park became home to an impressive amount of sculptures, monuments, and other public art.
Not much else really needs to be stated about the park, as it has been re-hashed over and over again since its inception. However, the park has not been without its challenges, and its fortunes and history has largely coincided directly with New York City as a whole. The park was a grand success when it first opened as the city was growing and establishing itself as the economic and cultural capital of America. However, for much of the 20th century, the park fell into neglect and disrepair. Maintenance was often overlooked and the architecture of the park suffered. There was little effort to remove things such as dead trees and vandalism became prevalent throughout many areas. By the 1960s and 70s, the park became an area almost to avoid by average New Yorkers and tourists, especially at night. It was considered unsafe and became a haven for crime and antisocial behavior. The park's story was consistent with New York City as a whole, as the 1970s brought turmoil and population decline to the city. However, renewed investment in the park, under the operation of the Central Park Conservancy, has revitalized it and made it perhaps more impressive and welcoming than ever.
In the end, Central Park is the ultimate example of the positive effect a well-designed public space or park can have on its surrounding area. It is not a coincidence that Central Park borders perhaps the priciest and most desirable real estate in not only America, but the world. In New York City, having an address close to the park or even across from it is a highly sought-after status symbol. The park also contributes heavily to the quality of life for New Yorkers of all kinds. True to its name, it is centrally located in the city, allowing easy access for people from differing areas of the massive city. In a city largely without private green space or yards, especially in Manhattan, Central Park functions as a communal yard in which everyone takes pride. It is a valuable spot for events, gatherings, relaxation, and exercise. It is also one of the key components for positive economic development in its area. One cannot ask for much more from a park.
Thursday, April 4, 2013
Discovery Green - Houston, TX
Discovery Green is a 12-acre park located in the heart of downtown Houston. It lies in the shadow of the city's skyline and is one of the few public green spaces within the densely developed area. It is a positive example to follow on numerous fronts. First, the park was the result of a public-private partnership that is often so essential in the creation of such a project. The park was also just recently created in 2008, which is symbolic of the growing favorable attitude towards the importance of providing adequate green space within urban areas. Finally, the park reclaimed under-used and unattractive land, as it was built on the site of two large surface parking lots. Now, downtown Houston has a tranquil and large park within the business heart of the city.
The park is the result of a vision that was put into action by several well-connected Houston philanthropists. Their wish was to transform the landscape of downtown into something more livable and vibrant. They seized the opportunity of developing an undeveloped site used for parking into a valuable park space that would promote the quality of life and business opportunities within the neighborhood. On all sides, the park is surrounded by dense development, including the George R. Brown Convention Center, which holds a large concentration of out-of-town visitors on any given day. Therefore, the park is a destination for residents, tourists, and business travelers alike. It has become nearly exactly what the minds behind the park had envisioned when they began their development efforts. They realized the potential of the land as it had not always been in such an under-used condition. In fact, it was originally the site of a high-end residential neighborhood in the early 20th century that grew. As the residential area deteriorated and dense downtown development dominated, the area was cleared and parking lots were put in place to accommodate automobile culture.
In 2002, the city of Houston purchased a portion of the land. Shortly thereafter, the rest of the site's property went up for sale, and a the group of philanthropists approached the city with the idea of turning the site into a park. The city agreed and, in 2004, purchased the remained of the site while advocating the merits of a public-private partnership. The city agreed to provide funding and support for the park, while handing over operational controls to Discovery Green Conservancy, a nonprofit organization. In the design process for the park, the public played a pivotal role. The current state and design of the park is largely a result of this public process. As a result, the park is has been showered with rave from the general public.
In the end, the park, while new, has been an enormous success. It is a catalyst for changing the perception of downtown Houston. It is now a place to enjoy and play, besides being a neighborhood strictly for business. It has increased civic pride in the area and people have less of an incentive to jet away from downtown at the end of the work day. It is also the result great cooperation and follow-through among the public and partnering entities. It shows what can be accomplished if several strands of a community share a vision and have the initiative to implement it.
Monday, April 1, 2013
Mill Ruins Park - Minneapolis, MN
Mill Ruins Park, which is located in downtown Minneapolis, is an excellent example of open space creation and historic preservation intersecting to create a unique experience that acts as both a local and tourist draw. Located on the shores of the Mississippi River, adjacent to Saint Anthony Falls and its surrounding historic district that features a 1.8 mile walking trails with historical markers located throughout. The Falls were the only natural major waterfall on the Upper Mississippi, until they were replaced in 1869 after a partial collapse by concrete spillway. Later, a series of locks and dams were constructed on the site in the 1950s and 60s. The falls are just one the few unique features that make up the character of the park.
The park is the impressive result of a comprehensive restoration and preservation effort. In the 19th century the site of the park was an area of mills, canals, and other resources that comprised one of the largest direct-drive water-powered facilities in the world. The site harnessed the great power of the falls and the Mississippi to become a leading producer of flour, which was shipped both internationally and nationwide. This area was the catalyst for the incredible amount of industrial development in Minneapolis, which spurred the growth of the city. General Mills, Pillsbury, and Xcel Energy are among the major companies that were founded as direct result of the site. The impetus for growth in downtown Minneapolis was the mills along the site of Mill Ruins Park. However, as the city transitioned its economy over time, the mills eventually became largely abandoned, and many of the historic foundations for the mills and associated buildings were filled in or paved over to make way for newer projects.
The park is the result of an archaeological study undertaken by Saint Anthony Falls Historic District. In 1983, a project was being considered that would have extended West River Parkway through the site of the park. The resulting excavations revealed numerous items of historic interest, including completely intact foundations of both the mills and the original waterpower system. The remains of a railroad roadhouse were also discovered. It was enough of a discovery to prevent the parkway from ever being realized. Over time, the goal changed from preservation for environmental goals to a more historically interpretive reasons. The goal became focused on turning the park into an attraction that would promote economic and cultural development as well as historic tourism.
The park is a success in providing a sense of history to the park user. The well-maintained park seems as though it is of a different era, although it is interspersed with thoroughly modern landscaping and walkways. As one descends from the bluffs of downtown to the base of the Mississippi, it is as if they were traveling to another time entirely, a time where architecture was different and industry dominated. Besides the attraction of the ruins, the park also features a magnificent view of the Stone Arch Bridge, which was constructed in 1883 and is directly adjacent to the park. It is a National Historic Landmark and was designed as a crucial link between farmers and the production mills. The parks also features biking and walking paths, as well as raised catwalks.
The park is an inventive re-use of not only abandoned industrial land, but also of historically important land. It is also in the heart of the city, improving the quality of life in a dense area. Minneapolis has a reputation from outsiders of being a city that is very cold and marked by a harsh climate. However, despite that, the city actually has some of the public park and trail infrastructure in America. Mill Ruins Park is an example of how Minneapolis is getting it right in the public land arena.
Sunday, March 31, 2013
Piedmont Park - Atlanta, GA
Piedmont Park in Atlanta, Georgia is a large public park located within a close distance to the heart of the downtown core of the city. It is located about a mile northeast of downtown and scenic views of the city skyline are available from many vantage points throughout the park. The park commands a 189-acre presence in the area and has long been established in the fabric of urban Atlanta. It is an historic open space that provides city residents with a valuable outlet for recreation, exercise, relaxation, and various other pursuits.
The park was completed by 1895, placing it among the top tier of urban parks that were implemented before 1900. The original purpose of the park was to provide a space for expositions to showcase the city and the surrounding region to outsiders and visitors. In the early 1900s, the park began a redesign effort led by the sons of Frederick Law Olmsted, the famous mind behind New York's Central Park and many other notable sites. The plan culminated int the addition of new landscaping and the addition of scenic paths and trails that wind throughout the park. As a result, the park became and continues to be a favored running and exercise outlet for residents of Atlanta. A large park had become a necessity in the rapidly growing city. Between 1860 and 1890, the population jumped from 9,000 to over 65,000 people. The city was rapidly becoming one of the most important cities in the South, and it desired to have grand public places to befit such an image. The preserved open space became the site for notable organized sporting events, such as the first baseball game between University of Georgia and Georgia Tech.
A significant highlight of the park is Lake Clara Meer, which is entirely within the park. It is very well-maintained and features an historic boathouse along its perimeter along with a pavilion, covered picnic areas, and a pedestrian bridge that crosses over it. The lake was originally a pond but was expanded t over 11 acres in preparation for the 1895 Cotton States and International Exposition. Park users are drawn to the lake area due to its boardwalk, a Visitors Center, and grand views of the downtown skyline. As Atlanta is not a waterfront city, the lake provides access to a waterway within city boundaries. This is valuable, as people are naturally drawn to waterfront areas.
The park has expanded since its creation and it continues to make efforts to expand currently, as the city realizes the jewel it is and the economic effect it has on the surrounding area. Atlanta is a city that has grown incredibly in size and importance since the late nineteenth century when the park opened. Now it can legitimately lay claim to being the cultural and economic capital of the south. The metropolitan area has transformed into a massive sprawl in each direction from the heart of downtown. As a result the region experiences some of the worst traffic in the country, as well as other negative qualities associated with massive growth in the age of the automobile. However, Piedmont Park is still intact from a time when Atlanta was a different place, and it's importance and role in the city's quality of life is just as pivotal as ever.
Friday, March 29, 2013
Louisville Waterfront Park
Louisville Waterfront Park lies on the banks of the Ohio River adjacent to downtown Louisville, the largest city in Kentucky. It provides valuable public access to the river as well as allowing for a substantial green space in the heart of the city. Created in 1999, it is a relatively new park that is the result of a redevelopment effort by the city in its urban core. The park is a successful re-creation of an area of the city that had fallen into under-use and was characterized by blight. It is one of the prime examples of a growing trend of turning abandoned or blighted areas in cities into public space or parkland.
Before the existence of the park, the site was home to various types of industrial use. It was home to the wharf area where Louisville first established its economy along the Ohio. Over time, various uses developed including scrap yards, rail lines, and sand pits. By the middle of the twentieth century, the wharf had been largely abandoned of productive economic use and was largely abandoned. This coincided with the rise of the age of the automobile and road and highway construction. Elevated highways, specifically Interstate 64 and its junction with I-65, were constructed right through the heart of the waterfront. It severely limited access to and traffic within the area. The character of the area transitioned over time to parking lots and under-used structures, severely limiting the its economic output and public access to the river. However, efforts were continuously being made to redevelop the waterfront and turn it into a desirable area marked by public space.
The result of numerous efforts and partnerships is the 85 acre park that exists today. The park opened in three separate phases between 1999 and 2009 as a result of a substantial public-private partnership. What was once a blight on the urban core of Kentucky's largest city is now home to massive green space and path and trails that wind throughout. Most importantly, the implementation of the park has granted the public unprecedented access to the shores of the Ohio River and the grand views and recreation opportunities that it affords. Many design features have been implemented as well including fountains, gardens, and spaces for large public events. The park has also become the most heavily used in the city, and is home to many festivals and concerts, particularly during the summer. The interstate system still runs through the park, but it has successfully developed underneath it to the best of its abilities.
Louisville is a city that has changed its economic character over time, which is fairly typical of midwestern and northern waterfront cities. However, the city decided to adapt with the changing times and convert under-used historical industrial sites into public park space. As a result, the area surrounding the park has experienced a recent economic revitalization as people are returning to the downtown area. A main catalyst for this return has been the draw of the new publicly accessible waterfront.
Thursday, March 28, 2013
Smale Riverfront Park - Cincinnati, OH
Smale Riverfront Park in Cincinnati, OH is an ongoing effort by the city to revitalize it's riverfront and turn it into a destination. The city's goal is to reconnect the banks of the Ohio River to the rest of the urban core of the city as part of a comprehensive economic development strategy. The span of Smale Riverfront Park is perhaps the most vital of this project as it connects the two relatively new professional sports stadiums that have been built along the river. The NFL's Cincinnati Bengals and the Cincinnati Reds of professional baseball both call this area of the city their home and draw thousands upon thousands people from both the city and the surrounding region to the area when they play. The park also draws on the incredible views of the John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge, which cuts through the middle of the park. When completed in 1866, it was the longest suspension bridge in the world, as it spans the length of the Ohio, connecting Cincinnati to the state of Kentucky.
The park is part of new development efforts in the city. As of early 2013 it is not yet fully complete, and the first segment of the park was opened in the summer of 2012. The park is planned to incorporate over 40 acres of public open space, with many trees and green space that lead to a public promenade along the shores of the Ohio. It is part of a larger mixed-use development called The Banks between the two aforementioned stadiums. The goal is to turn the area into a desirable location for residential, business, and recreation, even when the two local teams are not playing. The goal is to bring daily, round-the clock life back to the waterfront of the downtown core of the city. When the entire project is completed, the area is planned to be composed dense residential buildings interspersed with restaurants, bars, and offices, as well as hotels. It will be the result of a large public-private partnership that is often so crucial for large-scale projects such as these to break ground.
When the park is fully complete, it will have many of the characteristics of a classic urban park. It is located within walking distance of the downtown core, and will feature walkways, bike trails, green space, numerous fountains, and magnificently-designed gardens and landscapes. It will also provide a space for community events and festivals. Boat docks are also planned to take advantage of the Ohio River waterway. It is planned to have a significantly positive economic impact on the city of Cincinnati, where anything positive can help. Much of the city has been mired in significant economic decline since the mid 20th century. Its trajectory has been typical of many Midwestern cities that saw its population shift to the suburbs and and blue-collar economic industries either close or leave town. Cincinnati has incredible promise, as it is one of the most historic cities in Midwest, and its architectural stock as well as geographic location support such a claim. The riverfront is a proper to spur a massive redevelopment effort. Historical precedent and many other similar projects have proven that people are naturally drawn to attractive waterfronts and positive economic growth development follows if these are properly invested.
As a conclusion, here is an image of people enjoying the already completed section:
Saturday, March 23, 2013
Independence Park - Newark, NJ
Sometimes a park is notable for the important role it plays in the neighborhood in which it is located. The social role of the park is placed higher than any size or grand design elements in these circumstances. Independence Park in Newark, NJ is a prime example of a small average park that plays an incredibly important role in the fabric of its neighborhood. The park is a local institution in the Ironbound section of Newark and is heavily used by residents. It is located in the heart of the neighborhood and provides an incredibly valuable opens space and recreation outlet in a very high-density setting.
The Ironbound is an incredibly busy and dense area of the city located directly to east of downtown and Newark Penn Station. It has historically been and continues to be a working-class and immigrant neighborhood. It has a large Portuguese and Brazilian population as well as a growing Latino demographic, along with other groups. The area is also known as a regional dining destination, which adds additional traffic to the already dense and busy neighborhood. The Ironbound is not that large in geographic size and, as a result, housing is densely packed. The vast majority of the neighborhood is composed of multi-family, attached homes. Space is at an extreme premium so lawns and yards are almost non-existent, as is typical of many inner-city neighborhoods. Furthermore, the area was fully constructed in the late 1800s as working-class settlement without much regard for setting aside open space. To this day, the Ironbound experiences a severe under-representation of park space per resident and geographic size. As a result, the creation and preservation of Independence Park is an incredible asset for the neighborhood.
The park, which spans about 13 acres, was implemented in 1895 and designed by the Olmsted firm, who are famous for the creation of Central Park among other landmarks. It is composed largely of athletic fields and playgrounds, which are heavily used in an area that suffers from a lack of adequate facilities. The soccer fields are incredibly well-maintained and popular and are a main attraction to the park. The Ironbound is home to a large European and Latin American community, both of which are fervent followers of soccer culture. On any given day, large amounts of people are playing or watching soccer throughout the park. There also baseball fields and basketball courts which receive heavy use. Also, East Side High School, which is a public school located on the border of the park, utilizes park facilities for football practice, among other athletic endeavors. Therefore, the park is valuable to the athletic department of the school which lacks adequate space to provide necessary facilities for its student-athletes. There is also a path that meanders through the park under the shade of large trees and a bandstand and gazebo, but the athletic fields are the main attraction.
Independence Park is a main gathering spot for recreation and socializing in crowded neighborhood that lacks an adequate amount of open space. The park provides a valuable green space and an escape from crowded living conditions for local residents. It also plays an incredibly important public health role in the area. It provides an outlet for exercise and a setting for organized youth sports and activities, which is very beneficial in an area of the city with high amounts of children from families of modest income. Independence Park is a success story by proving that parks just need to sometimes exist to be a valuable part of a community. Open space and athletic fields are often all that is needed for high amounts of participation, especially in areas lacking in those particular categories. Expensive design elements, while often nice, are not always a requirement for a successful park and Independence Park proves that.
MacArthur Park - Los Angeles, CA
MacArthur Park in Los Angeles is an urban park that provides a great service to the city by providing a recreational open space outlet in a dense environment. However, it is also often associated with many of the ills that plague inner-city areas. Therefore, MacArthur Park has often been a conundrum. It plays a valuable and positive role within the city but is often enveloped by the issues of the surrounding area, and they often spill into the park. As a result, the reputation of the park and the area suffers as a whole. Unfortunately, this clouds the fact that MacArthur Park is well-designed and is situated squarely in the middle of an area that is extremely lacking in public open space. The lack of public parks and open space within the city limits of Los Angeles is a long-running and continuing problem. This fact belies the common outsider notion that Los Angeles is full of readily accessible parkland and open space all under nearly perfect weather. This is simply not true, especially in regards to the more inner-city areas of the metropolitan region.
The park is well-known for numerous things, both positive and negative. Among the positive is the park's picturesque namesake lake, MacArthur Lake. The lake dominates the sections of the park that is south of Wilshire Blvd., which bisects the middle of the park. The park is also famous for its view of the downtown skyline, which is the result of the park's close proximity to the downtown core of the city. However, the park has also long been associated with criminal activity. Historically, it has been a well-known and infamous spot for gang activity and violence. This reputation has soured the park's positive qualities for many in the community as they make efforts to avoid, which is unfortunate. Los Angeles has been an epicenter for gang life in the United States and, as a result, many of the inner-city's public areas have been infested with gang activity as the various gangs attempt to claim territory, and seek out usable spaces to carry out business. It is a multi-faceted social problem that no single park can even hope to solve. However, a well-planned and comprehensive effort by people invested in the well-being of the park can at least help in reversing the trend. In the 2000s, that has at least partially been occurring in MacArthur Park through a cooperative effort.
MacArthur Park has all the potential in the world to be a classic city park. It is one of the largest urban parks in the massive sprawl of inner-city Los Angeles, which is does not have adequate amounts of public space for its residents. The park provides a valuable outlet for recreation as well as being a cultural focal point due to its amphitheater and open expanse of lawn. Therefore, it is a popular gathering spots for protests and other similar events. Recent revitalization in the efforts in the 2000s have included the opening of a new recreation center, installation of surveillance cameras, a new Metro mass transit station, a renovation of the fountain, increased businesses and vendors, as well as new festivals in the park. This effort was largely put forth by local community leaders in cooperation with the Los Angeles Police Department. MacArthur Park is now hopefully on the way to fully taking back the space from negative and anti-social activity and becoming the grand public space it should be. A city as large and important as Los Angeles deserves as much.
Thursday, March 21, 2013
Bushnell Park - Hartford, CT
Bushnell Park is a classic example of an urban park in every sense of the word. It is located directly in the heart of downtown Hartford, CT. And is directly adjacent to several of the city's and state's most important buildings and institutions. Directly to the north of the park is the Hartford Amtrak station, an historically vital and still important transportation node. Directly to the south of the park is the Connecticut state capitol. Finally, it is surrounded on all sides by the high-rises of downtown Hartford. Therefore, the park acts as a de-facto centerpiece of Hartford and state life. It has also been linked to Hartford throughout much of its history, as it is actually the oldest publicly funded park in the United States.
The park was conceived in the mid-1850s and completed by 1868. It was in this era that the need for open space in rapidly growing urban areas was starting to be realized. In this context, a 50 acre portion of downtown real estate was preserved for open space for the public to use and enjoy. The belief, which proved to be true, was that setting aside this land could increase the value of the surrounding land while also improving the quality of life for all in the city. The park quickly became a favored location for cultural events, music festivals, and other similar events and activities. It was originally conceived by Reverend Horace Bushnell and designed by Jacob Weidenmann, who was recommended by Frederick Law Olmsted, who himself could not work on the park as he was preoccupied with the implementation Central Park in New York at the time. The design of the park was originally fairly simple, proving that not a whole lot of intricate work was needed to create a classic park.
The city of Hartford has changed in character since its inception. As is typical in northern cities, it experienced an economic decline and a population shift to the suburbs in the middle of the twentieth century. However, the very heart of downtown Hartford is still a dynamic and scenic area due largely to the presence of Bushnell Park, which has been vital to maintaining a high quality of character in the area. Hartford may not be as important or booming as it was in the early twentieth century, but Bushnell Park has played a key role in keeping what remains a scenic and desirable area.
Wednesday, March 20, 2013
Elings Park - Santa Barbara, CA
The city of Santa Barbara, California is often associated with relaxation and the good life. This is mostly due to the high average income of the area and the natural landscape in which it is located. The city is roughly 100 miles northwest of Los Angeles right along the Pacific Ocean. It enjoys the same year-round comfortable weather and relaxed lifestyle of the rest of Southern California without the crowded urban atmosphere that persists throughout much of of it. Located on the northern fringes of Southern California and basically due to geographic constraints, Santa Barbara is an outdoor lover's paradise. The city, which is home to around 90,000 people, is relatively small but makes a concerted effort to conserve as much open space and parkland as possible within its boundaries. This is on top of the fact that much of the city is surrounded by huge amounts of undeveloped and protected land. Therefore, open space is a way of life in the region. One of the best examples of Santa Barbara's legacy of open space is Elings Park, which is located roughly three miles to the west of the heart of downtown.
Elings Park is a nationally unique and notable park. It holds the distinction of being the largest privately-funded public park in America. As a result, it is a non-traditional park in the way it is run but a completely traditional park in the way it operates and the valuable service it provides. It commands a magnificent piece of real estate, as it is located on 230 acres of coastal bluffs with unobstructed views of the Pacific Ocean. It consists of numerous sports fields, trails for hiking and biking, playgrounds, and beautifully landscaped walkways and gardens. It is also a premier regional wedding and special event destination. The park is the culmination of private efforts to claim public space from the site of the old City of Santa Barbara landfill, which was closed in 1965. The present-day northern half of the park is where the landfill once stood. City officials partnered with local residents to fund the clean-up and renovation of the site into usable public parkland.
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A slow but consistent process was born were progress was made incrementally over the ensuing years. As funding and interest in the project increased, acres were added along with facilities and landscaping within the park. The grand opening was finally announced in 1985 with much fanfare. By 1987, the popular Vietnam Veterans Living Memorial was opened. Finally, in 1994, the park's foundation acquired an additional 133 acres of land directly to the park's south, inching it's territory closer to the Pacific Ocean. The acquisition more than doubled the size of the park.A running theme throughout the history of the park has been a consistent outpouring of financial support from private citizens. As a result, it currently ranks as the largest and perhaps the most successfully-run privately-funded park that is completely open for public use. And it aligns perfectly with the spirit of Santa Barbara and the surrounding region
Forest Park - St. Louis, MO
Forest Park in St. Louis is one America's classic city parks. It is of incredibly large size and was implemented before the turn of the twentieth century, just as the importance of public land and open space within urban areas was gaining traction. It opened in 1876, which makes it one of America's first large city parks. It also spans 1,371 acres, which gives it quite a presence within the boundaries of St. Louis. While providing the city with much needed open recreation space, the park is also a focal point of cultural life and is a prominent civic center for the St. Louis region. Furthermore, the park is an example of how open space and parkland can be revitalized much in the manner that cities can. Much like the city of St. Louis, Forest Park has seen both good times and bad. However, with consistent efforts at revitalization, the park is once again a source of civic pride and a destination for users of all types.
The park is the home to many notable St. Louis institutions. The St. Louis Zoo, the St. Louis Art Museum, the Missouri History Museum, and the St. Louis Science Center are among the top cultural destinations located within the park. Therefore, the park is just as important in that respect as opposed to a purely recreational and outdoor outlet. As such, the park is an attraction that draws year-round traffic, a fact that many parks in similar climates cannot share as they lack the cultural amenities that draw people indoors during colder months. The park's incredible size allows for these institutions to be comfortably located within it. One of the main reasons for the park's large size was the fact that in the 1870s, the location of the park was on the undeveloped western edge of the city, and it was surrounded by largely rural land. Currently, the park has a much more urban feel as it has become completely surrounded by development. The early preservation of the land has contributed to the quality of life on the western side of the city as well as increasing nearby property values. A main selling point in the area surrounding the park is the park itself an amenity. This is not unusual and is a running theme across nearly every major city in regards to proximity to a well-designed park.
The park quickly established itself as a place for internationally significant events, which reflected the importance of St. Louis in the early twentieth century. In 1904, the city hosted both the World's Fair along with the Olympics, which was third in the modern era and the first in the United States. The park played a key role in hosting both events. The park was the main centerpiece of the World's Fair and quite an effort was made to enhance the park. In all, over 900 structures were built throughout the park and its design was consistent with City Beautiful movement of the era which emphasized the importance of grand public space and physical beauty in improving quality of urban life. After the fair established the significance of the park, investment in its success continued throughout the ensuing decades and many new structures were added. As the city grew in prominence and size, the park grew accordingly along with it. Monuments and grand landscapes were constructed throughout the park in an effort to showcase the park as the open space centerpiece of the city.
However, as with many cities across the United States in the second half of the twentieth century, St. Louis experienced a significant population and economic decline. As such, many city services experienced a cutback including Forest Park funding and service activities. The park became fragmented into several parts of different priorities and even ownerships. In response, park advocates and the city combined to produce a master plan to reconnect and unite the park as a whole. Over $100 million have been invested in the restoration of park facilities through a public-private partnership. The master plan process sought guidance from the community in developing goals from which the new park priorities would be established. As a result, Forest Park might be more popular than ever, even if St. Louis is not the city it was at one point in time. It is the prime focus of recreation and indoor and outdoor cultural events for not only the city but also the wider region. And it still exists sue to a concerted effort to not only maintain but extend its importance within the urban fabric.
Monday, March 18, 2013
Papago Park - Phoenix, AZ
Papago Park is situated in a city and region that probably should not be as heavily developed as it is. The Phoenix metropolitan area is located in in the heart of the southern Arizona desert. In the non-winter months the city is often characterized by nearly unbearable heat. The heat is often so extreme that it is unhealthy and dangerous for any human to be exposed to such high temperatures. The temperatures are combined with an extremely dry climate where measurable rainfall is very scarce. However, this has not prevented Phoenix from becoming one of the fastest growing regions in America. The metropolitan area spreads for miles upon miles in a rather low-density manner across the desert valley floor. The millions of people who now call the area home are almost completely dependent on air conditioning to maintain a respectable quality of life, which is a huge strain on energy. Furthermore, due to the warm weather, golf is an incredibly popular industry in the region. Therefore, huge amounts of water (which has already been established as extremely scarce) are used daily to upkeep the courses. In the end, much of Phoenix could be described as an artificially constructed landscape that is not entirely sustainable. However, parts of the city have been preserved and represent the Arizona desert as it would look like without massive human development. Papago Park is one such example.
Papago Park provides a large sanctuary of natural open space within the confines of the massively developed Phoenix area. It is a very large park that spans over 1200 acres and actually spills over into the neighboring city of Tempe, of which Phoenix shares operating responsibilities for the park. As the picture at the top of the text illustrates, it is a hilly park, which provides for great hiking opportunities as well as magnificent view of the metro region. The park is known for its ancient geologic formations, including red sandstone that were formed anywhere from 6 to 15 million years ago. It also a local showcase for a diversity of native desert plants that thrive in the untouched landscape of the park, including the famous saguaro cactus. The park also features numerous paths, an 18-hole golf course, the Desert Botanical Garden, several lakes, as well as Hunt's Tomb, the tomb of Arizona's first governor George W.P. Hunt, which is shaped in the form of a pyramid.The area of the park has long been a site of local importance. The park has been everything from a Native American reservation in the late 1800s to a POW camp during World War II. It later became the site of a large VA hospital. Soon after WWII ended, the land was transferred to the city and it soon was preserved as valuable open space in an area that was markedly different than the reality of 2013. Development has completely encircled the edges of the park, which has made its preservation all the more valuable.
Phoenix is a city characterized by extremely hot and dry weather yet is dotted with green lawns and giant golf courses. It is simply not a natural design that fits with the harsh desert climate. However, there have been widespread and concerted efforts to reverse this trend by implementing landscape designs that are more ecologically suited to the region. Papago Park can provide a template for what untouched desert landscape can be. It is a very valuable resource for the region and improves the quality of life for residents and visitors alike, especially in the cooler months when the park can be fully experienced.
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